Yoga Meditation Experience

Home Meditation Assignment At the beginning of the semester I did not really know what I potentially could take away from this class, or, in particular, the meditation I was assigned to do at home. My mother does Yoga as well and she always keeps telling me how beneficial it is for both your body and your soul; personally, I am not really the type of individual that believes in the vital effects religious philosophies can have on one's life.However, I am always willing to experience something new and so I decided to engage myself in the practice of Yoga. I chose to do the Concentration Kriya; this mediation technique mostly focuses on empowering mind and body through the practice of controlled breathing. A controlled breath can be extremely beneficial to overcome various obstacles in one's daily life; this is the reason why I chose the Concentration Kriya as my meditation technique since I usually have struggles developing a calm, constant, and controlled breath.I sacrificed 5 minute s of my time in the morning to go through the cycle; my intent was to do it before the â€Å"real† day had begun since I hoped to go ore relaxed and focused into classes and practice. Within the first two weeks, I did not really notice any change after I had meditated; I actually felt pretty awkward sitting on the floor of my room all by myself doing those awkward breathing techniques. However, this feeling went away after some time; I think you have to get used to it before you get more comfortable in its practice.Further, during the third week, I could definitely feel some changes coming up; I did not only breathe more concentrated but I also felt more loosened up and relaxed. I started to manage the imbalances of my daily life better; in relation to that, I also started to notice a more vital and well-being daily experience. Eventually, I think it also affected my performance in soccer practices and games since my mind was more focused and, on a physical level, the increas ed oxygen supported the complying parts of the body.Eventually, there were mornings when I was not really motivated; though, I reminded myself of the benefits I had experienced through meditation and found yself again. I think one has to come out his comfort zone to do it since one Just has to invest 5 minutes of his or her day. However, I do not really know if I will continue meditating every morning; I am usually not a person that is that disciplined to follow a certain routine. Yet, I can still see myself meditating in the future to overcome difficult challenges or parts of my life.Looking back on the five weeks I spent meditating I can fairly say that it is totally worth it to spend that little time and effort n terms of the possible ways it can affect one's lifestyle. I still think that some religious philosophies and practices are sort of questionable, but Yoga and its meditation techniques can definitely have a positive effect on one's life. Hence, I would not only recommend it to friends and individuals that are striving for a transformation in their body, mind and inmost consciousness, but also to individuals who want to experience something new as I did.

How Are Dreams Proved to Be Futile in of Mice and Men Essay

Dreams in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† is influenced under the poem â€Å"To A Mouse† by Robert Burns and the relationship between the poem and the novel is seen through the build-up to the characters hopes and dreams at the time of the great inflation and how they struggled to keep up with their ambitions. The context in both texts clearly portrays the death of the future plans the working class keep to at that time and the writers do this to illustrate the chances of normal people succeeding and how being born into a hierarchy means that you’re destined to a class in society. In Of Mice and Men, Lennie is introduced with a â€Å"shapeless face† and animal imagery is used to signify his strength, â€Å"bear drags his paws†, this portrayal of Lennie sets him apart from George in the hierarchy. As the story develops the readers understanding of George’s and Lennie’s relationship does to, the reader realises that the theme that keeps both the key protagonists motivated is the dream. This is further developed when Steinbeck introduces the dream for the first time, â€Å"I remember about the rabbits, George†, it is clear to the readers that Lennie is academically weak and in order for him to remember about the dream indicated how much it means to him and it’s possibly the thing that matters to him most. However early in the novel Steinbeck uses animal imagery to foreshadow the death of Lennie and the death of the dream, â€Å"shoot you for a coyote†, the author highlights his vulnerability and his death in the future to suggest that his weakness academically is what possibly lead him to his death. In the beginning of the novel George gets into a quarrel with Lennie about ketchup, â€Å"we ain’t got any†, during George’s rant he clearly emphasizes on what he sees as the American dream in comparison to what they both see. George leads on to imply that Lenny is a road block to his dream and this is partially true as it is what Lennie did towards the end of the novel that killed the chances of the dream. George’s dream can be considered as a typical working class dream as it isn’t very promising and has no future outlook. The death of the dream in Of Mice and Men seems to be blames on a certain individual, the death of George and Lennie’s dream is blamed on Lennie and later in the novel we learn that the death of Curley’s wife’s is because of her â€Å"ol lady†. In the novel Curley’s wife is portrayed as a social outcast alongside the â€Å"nigga† but this time because of her gender as they lived in a sexist society. However beneath her make up her interior reveals her dreams and how they were crushed as well, the reader also finds out that her sexual weapon is to grab the attention of the ranch workers as no one gave her the recognition she wanted. Curley’s wife’s dream is fully revealed towards the end of the novel with her explain it to Lennie, she clearly illustrates her very independent dream however it is also clear that she is very dependent on men when it comes to making the dream a reality. This maybe the reason why her dream was locked away and only brought out when she needed it to emotionally look back at it; considering that she lived in a men’s society it means that women are held back from what they wanted to do and were expected become a housewife. This is the main road block that Curley’s wife comes across making her dream futile. Throughout the novel the reader realises that the characters that we’re too eager for their dream (Lennie and Curley’s wife) reaches their destiny, quite dramatically, with their death. It seems that both characters had something in common – lack of power, the protagonists had a lack of power meaning that they were vulnerable to society however Curley’s wife attempted to cover it by putting on a lot of makeup but it is clear that your weakness will eventually go against you. Furthermore both characters dream was clearly futile from the beginning of the novel as both characters seemed to depend on another person in order for their dreams to succeed. In Lennie’s case it was George and Curley’s wife needed a man. Steinbeck reinforces the themes of Power and powerlessness with links to the dream to suggest that there is some sort of bond with making the dream and having the power to make it. This portrayal in Of Mice and Men illustrated not only the fact that succeeding during the Great Depression was very limited but the fact that without power or status, which both characters lacked in, the chances of making the dream was nil.

Creativity, Play and Learning (Arts in Early Childhood Education) Personal Statement

Creativity, Play and Learning (Arts in Early Childhood Education) - Personal Statement Example The teacher gave me extra lessons outside class, allowed me to keep my work safe in his office and provided me with the right kind of pencils, brushes and colours. The completed work was quite remarkable on its own right, though fidelity to the original work was questionable. When I look back to this incident, I feel that the teacher had in fact gone out of his way to accommodate my need for artistic expression. During that period, he was the most accessible person to me – through every act of understanding and kindness he displayed. Another experience made me feel on the contrary, as my teacher did something uncharacteristic of him. In one of his classes, he asked us to draw outline pictures of a building. I happened to sit with a close friend of mine who could only draw one-dimensional picture. I felt I could help him produce a better work and tried to explain to him some techniques of creating a two or three dimensional effect. My teacher considered this as a distraction and raised his voice – asking me to focus on my work and to let my friend focus on his work. He needed finished works by the end of the class. I felt restricted and uneasy about this, and found that it had a totally negative impact on my own work during that class. The idea of following strict rules during a creative endeavor disheartened

The International Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The International Economy - Essay Example According to the World Bank reports, the net capital flows to developing countries have increased tremendously from $ 28 billion in 1970s to $306 Billion 1997 (World Bank 2001: 110). This has led to increased investments and economic growth of those countries. However, the performance of a nation depends on its structural characteristics, resource endowment and policies or the investment climate. Though developing countries account for a third of world trade, most of its trade is to other developing countries and mainly depends on primary commodity exports. Trade liberalization in these countries therefore has not been able to stimulate economic growth and exports (Parikh 2007). For economic growth to be realised, developing countries need to engage in trade of manufactures and services. If developing countries still remain underdeveloped and the gap between developed and developing countries continues to widen, what then is the role of trade liberalization and investment in the econ omic growth of third world countries? To answer this question, the paper will discuss trade liberalization, investment liberalization, economic growth, and the reasons why there is a wide gap between developed and developing countries. Trade Liberalization There has been a tremendous growth of the world trade for the past 20yrs. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) puts the growth rate at six percent per year (IMF 2001). This has been made possible by various rounds of multilateral trade agreements under GATT which later formed the world Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. The WTO is entrusted with the role of regulating world trade and settling disputes among trading nations and is guided by several principles. The Most favoured Nation (MFN) and national treatment principles guard against any form of discrimination. The trade is also supposed to freerer by removing trade barriers through rounds of negotiations. The trade is also competitive as unfair practices such as damping of pro ducts at cheap prices are not encouraged. The trading partners are guided by the WTO rules hence cannot change trade policies arbitrarily thus the trade is predictable. Another principle of the world trade is that it is to be beneficial to less developed countries. As such, various rounds of negotiations have been going on to decide on how to make trade favourable to developing countries especially by allowing them more time to implement tariff reduction. As a result, most developing countries have opened their economies to trade and are enjoying the benefits. According to Blandford (2007), 2/3 of the current 148 members of WTO are developing countries. Despite opening the economies to trade, most developing countries continue to put restrictions to trade to protect domestic industries. Furthermore, as Parikh (2007) notes, most developed countries continue to put restrictions of access in areas of export interest to developing countries and are also experiencing slow growth hence do not import a lot from those countries. This affects many developing countries that rely on primary commodities for export as their imports outweigh exports resulting in unfavourable terms of trade. Most beneficiaries of trade liberali

Human nature and war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human nature and war - Essay Example Apart from Mozart and Purcell, I had to choose Beethoven to compose the birthday song since he has breathtaking compositions like Fur Elise. Fur Elise is undoubtedly interesting. Most people much loved classical piece by Beethoven. The other two composers Mozart and Purcell did not make it into my list to compose a birthday song, because they were not creative like Ludwig for the job. Unlike Ludwig, Mozart in most of his compositions uses minor keys, thus from my own opinion his composition will not suit the mood of the occasion. Also in most of his work, Mozart employs complex instrumentation, which will not make the arrangement intriguing to listen to considering it is a birthday party. Purcell is not a suitable alternative to compose the birthday song because he worked as organist at the Westminster Abbey; thus, his compositions mostly rely on the keyboard instrument. Purcell composes long anthems, which makes me not to appoint him as my main composer because he might compose an u nusually long and repetitive birthday song. Since he mostly wrote operas, odes and accompanied stage music, makes him not an appropriate composer of my uncle’s birthday song. ... Since he developed an individualistic style from the high classical style, he should make the birthday composition more appealing to the ear. This ambitious and virtuosic style will make the audience at the evening party more calm and the birthday my uncle happy. Beethoven (also known as the father of modulation) in the composition should not remain in the same key therefore should modulate to different keys. In some of his symphonies, Beethoven includes chorus and solo voices; also in the birthday piece, he should include them to add beauty and prove his creative personality. In the composed solo section, the libretto must be catching since I want them to bring teary emotion to my beloved uncle. I genuinely want my uncle to be happy since when listening to Fur Elise and the fifth symphony by Beethoven the introduction generates a striking motif. I want my uncle to feel loved and cared for when listening to the composed song since most of the arranged compositions by Beethoven employ a distinct and individualized style. As he will be listening to the music, I want him to get both baroque and classical era music touch since Beethoven lived between those two periods. When listening to the compositions of Beethoven feels a development of works from Haydn and Mozart. Since my uncle has listened to works of both Haydn and Mozart, he will be to listen to a composition expanded on both of them. Beethoven is the perfect person to take the composition job. In most of his work like the opera Fidelio, he brings out the emotion perfectly. Since Beethoven is a transition composer between classical and the romantic era, am sure my uncle will enjoy the composition. The individualistic and creative

International Marketing - Viagress Marketing Strategy Case Study

International Marketing - Viagress Marketing Strategy - Case Study Example The product is suited for Germany the major factor being age. The decision of launching this product in Germany also was because of these factors.†¢ Excellent Medical Facilities in Germany.†¢ Strict vigilance over health care system.†¢ 9 huge cities to cater to.The product itself is a strong contender for its success, as it has shown highly positive results in females, that is out of every 10 women 8 have had extreme pleasure during intercourse with the use of this drug.Promotional StrategyThe major support would be given through the name Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, as this organization experienced a huge success with Viagra the drug that helped males have an enhanced erection. Advertisements, Billboards, and direct marketing would be used as an effective promotional strategy.   Explicit content would be avoided during advertisements and emphasis would be given on opinions from females who have used the drug. While formulating the promotional strategy special care would be taken about the culture and norms of the people of Germany.Pricing StrategyThe price of this product is devised by keeping in mind the production cost. Other reasons that would influence the price would be the prices of competitors. As the manufacturing would not be taking place in Germany hence the shipping and transportation costs would also be included in the manufacturing costs.PlacingThe product does not have a target audience according to socio-economic class. The basic target market is defined by age factor. As we discussed majority female population in Germany is in between 40 – 55 and the drug is most effective for this age group hence the product would be placed in greater quantity in areas where this age group exists in majority. This though does not restrict the placing procedure because Germany has nine big cities and all of them would be catered according to the demand and target audience. Channels of Distribution The distribution would be done through retailers who would supply the drug to drug outlets that is to chemists. From there it would be sold to the customers. The product would be available without a doctor’s prescription hence Super Stores would also be able to sell the product. This is due to the success of Viagress both for women who have difficulty in sexual arousals and who do not. Modes of Entry This would be not an easy task as the product is being launched for the first time and as the success rate is 8 out of 10 women it might be possible that the 20% can be the first time users, hence a safe path would be selected to penetrate the market. A major advantage to Viagress is the huge chunk of market that is available for them to take over. The organization would first show and explain the success of the drug Viagra for males and then explain functions of Viagress in order to spread awareness among the people about what the product does. Summary After the successful launch of Viagra for males in U.S. Pfizer Pharmaceuticals are really looking forward to their second product to provide them with the same kind of success. There are certain

Literature Jarhead, Anthony Swafford Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literature Jarhead, Anthony Swafford - Essay Example Men are smart and men are animals, in that they don't want to die so simply for so little" (Jarhead 199). Being a fighter and a combatant, there would be some desire to fight and to kill. But striving to live in the battle is stronger and more urgent. They enter in the academy knowing that their lives are very much in danger. Being a soldier they know the consequences of their lives. They are the one who choose where to spend their lives. As a man of armor, their lives are important to us, the people whom they are protecting. They are the one who choose their purpose in life. They die in serving the nation. They die as a hero. Being a patriotic, a heroine man. Soldiers are parents too; they choose it just to give the best life that they can give to their love ones. As a parent who chooses by God to dwell a life they also feel the pain of being apart to their love ones. For my opinion, I disagree to the statement of Swofford. Being a human I also respect lives. I also treasure ones life. Money can be change, even other material things can be change. But our only one life that God given. It cannot be paid by money. This is for sure, we have only one life. We must live our lives to the fullest. Because a time that we are in need to face the Lord we cannot found a second chance. A point of view here is being a soldier is not an easy task. We need to sacrifice many things but what are they. It is depend to the person who chooses to be a soldier, maybe they want to serve. But we can serve without sacrificing one thing. But anything that need to go through in to our lives we must realize that apart from GOD we can do nothing. Apart from GOD we are nothing. We must face any consequences into our lives. Everything that we choose we must be ready and alert, face any tasks and responsibilities. We need to move on. To go for what we want to go. But always be ready for what it takes make sure that it will not going to be a consequences to other. We must stay in the word, of our commandant saying. Be always ready to listen. Make sure that you are willing to obey. Before we go t o our destiny we must acknowledge the power of the Supreme Being who strengthens to us. Be alert, always ready.Marine who never really gets fulfill his mission. Jarhead help us to see the real meaning of work of a soldier Their lives has been jeopardized & sometimes it has been deteriorated, horribly, & incredibly killed. This story, is a is a story of a man who designated his life to the battle field. Being a soldier, they have a principle in life; to obey what is told to do, and to protect who is need of protection. Soldiers are always on call, always alert, always ready. They intend to protect and to be command. In the point of view of a story; jarhead is a story of a soldier who has a purpose in obeying what is told to do. In significance to human experiences, we are also a soldier. We have also our own battle field. We are calling it in many ways. Sometimes we call it problem, sometimes we call it a test, sometimes we call it a test. But the real one is we are calling it a spir itual warfare. Into our lives, we are facing many problems, temptations, deceptions, test, and accusations. We have also our own enemies. Sometimes they are our friends, relatives, classmates, and even we. But the question here is how we going to face our

Implementation of Basel II in Europe Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Implementation of Basel II in Europe - Thesis Example The basic aim of this approach is to ensure that the banks and financial institutions must maintain financial soundness and retain the consumer confidence in order to ensure the stability of the financial system and protect the interests of the deposit holders. With these perspectives in mind, Bank of International Settlement formed a Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in 1974 to provide a comprehensive forum for dealing with banking matters of such magnitude. The Basel Committee is made up of senior officials responsible for banking supervision or financial stability issues in central banks and other authorities in charge of the prudential supervision of banking businesses. Members of the Basel Committee come from Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the US. This essay will discuss the implementation process of Basel II in Europe besides discussing some of the challenges and aspects that may raise tensions while implementing the accord in Europe. However, before exploring the issue of the implementation of the BASEL II accord, we will be discussing some of the key issues and points raised by BASEL II in order to implement it in true spirit. Before discussing the BASEL II and its implementation in Europe, it is necessary that a view must be taken in order to provide a historical account of the process of BASEL II implementation in Europe and rest of the world. Bank of international Settlements was established in Basel, Switzerland in 1930 and is considered as the world’s oldest international financial institution. It remains the principal center of international central bank corporations around the world. The BIS was formed as a result of the treaty of Versailles which ended the First World War and BIS was basically established for repatriation

The project chosen for the assignment is the house construction

The project chosen for the is the house construction - Assignment Example The time required is only 8 days. The time allocated was 10, which would be on a higher estimation. The major activity is only the fixing the roof components to the wall frames and placing the skylights. The necessary designs for the skylights could be prepared and fabricated early. Placing this could be undertaken along with the roof work. And the attaching the TV antenna shall also be undertaken along with this. Plumbing and wiring: The plumbing and wiring could be simultaneously undertaken and requires 4 days each for this activity. As the it involves only fixing up of he components 6 days of plumbing could be reduced to 4 days as equivalent that of wiring. Plastering: plastering work need to be undertaken after the plumbing and wiring, as any damages to the structure could be rectified at this stage. 4 days would be enough for this operation as it involves only covering the walls with appropriate mortar. Foundation:, Frames: 14 December 2008, Roof: 22 December 2008, Skylight: 25 December 2008, TV antenna - 28 December 2008, Plumbing and wiring: 30 December 2008; Plastering: 3 January 2009; Finishing: 7 January 2009, Painting: 7 January 2009; Carpets, curtains and sides: 13 January 2009 and landscape: 15 January 2009. The critical activities that would effect the shorted time required to complete the project are foundation, frames, roof,... The other two days could be used for the actual operation. Stage 2 : TV Dummy Foundation Frames RoofSkylight Wiring Plastering Dummy plumbing (e) You will need to list the critical activities in your project and explain why they are critical, you will need to list the activities that are non critical and explain why. ( answer why ). The critical Activities Activity Start date Duration Foundation 8 December 2008 6 Frames 14 December 2008 8 Roof 22 December 2008 8 Plumbing and wiring 30 December 2008 4 Plastering 3 January 2009 4 Finishing 7 January 2009 4 Painting 7 January 2009 6 These activities are considered critical because the minimum duration required for the project to be completed is along this path only. Non Critical activities Activity Start date Duration Sky light 25 December 2008 2 TV antenna 28 December 2008 1 Carperts, curtains 13 January 2009 3 Land scape 13 January 2009 4 They are considered non-critical because further reduction of their time don't reduce the overall project duration. They could be undertaken simultaneously with the critical events. Foundation:, Frames: 14 December 2008, Roof: 22 December 2008, Skylight: 25 December 2008, TV antenna - 28 December 2008, Plumbing and wiring: 30 December 2008; Plastering: 3 January 2009; Finishing: 7 January 2009, Painting: 7 January 2009; Carpets, curtains and sides: 13 January 2009 and landscape: 15 January 2009. The critical activities that would effect the shorted time required to complete the project are foundation, frames, roof, plumbing,

Statistics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Statistics - Assignment Example Another significance of random sampling is that it plays as a representative of population of the study. The unbiased rule in simple random sampling makes it a vital method of drawing a conclusion from the study results, which is usually the main goal of a research. Moreover, this sampling technique helps to make generalization of a particular population from the results obtained. While using random sampling technique, it is always imperative to have a complete list of the study participants so that the researcher can make a sample from. However, this is often difficult to perform while dealing with a large population since the list must be complete and up to date, a condition that is difficult to meet. Random sample is not an appropriate technique to use while dealing with a very small sample size because the margin of error is usually wide, leading to a wrong conclusion (Medhi 2012).The above problems can be overcome through using an average sample size of the population since it will limit the margin error incurred during random

Industrial revolution Essay Example for Free

Industrial revolution Essay The Industrial Revolution was a time of drastic change and transformation from use of hand tools and handmade items to machine-made and mass produced goods. This change generally helped life, but also hindered it as well. Pollution, such as carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, rose. Working conditions declined, and the number of women and children working increased. The government, the arts, literature, music, architecture, and mans way of looking at life all changed during the period. Two revolutions took place, both resulting in productive, but also dire consequences. The Industrial Revolutions impact on Europe like the mechanization of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The Industrial Revolution provided both the mechanical engine of progress and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the capacity to expand and the will to expand, fed directly into imperialism. Marxist Theory also made a huge because it developed socialism and communism, by placing more emphasis on value, rather than generating profit. Before the first Industrial Revolution, Englands economy was based on its cottage industry. Workers bought raw materials from merchants and took it back to their cottages, and produce the goods at their home. It was usually owned and managed by one or more people, who were generally close to the workers. There was a good worker/boss relationship, which was demolished and destroyed by capitalism (Wyatt 7). This industry was efficient but the workers productivity was low and it made costs higher. The longer it took one person to manufacture a product, the higher the price. Subsequently, goods were more expensive and exclusive only to the wealthy people. In 1733, the demand for cotton cloth was high, but production was low. This crisis had to be solved or Englands economy would be hindered. The answer came from a British weaver, John Kay, who invented and fashioned the flying shuttle, which cut weaving time in half. John Kay was a pioneer and his invention paved the way for numerous inventors (Wyatt 13). Although at first many workers didnt accept machines, in fact, many inventions were destroyed. But what was inevitable, couldnt be stopped. By the 1750s, the Industrial Revolution had begun. At first, inventions were strictly limited to cotton weaving. Inventions such as the spinning jenny and the water-powered frame, both of which provided spinning yarn faster, the spinning mule, the power loom and the cotton gin all helped the manufacture of cotton goods by speeding up the process (Wyatt 35). Mass production had begun, along with capitalism. Capitalists, people who have their own materials, money and space, bought many machines and stored them in a factory. They hired people to run the machines and produce manufacturing goods. The factory system had replaced the cottage industry. Mass production made usually expensive items, such as shoes, but now they make less expensive and affordable to more people. The quality of life had improved. In the 1800s, inventions werent just limited to the cotton industry. Steam engines were invented, providing a faster mode of transportation, instead of the use of horses and carriages. With steam engines, cities were able to move farther away from rivers and sources of water, to thrive (Wyatt 58). The First Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam powered ships and railways, and, later in the nineteenth century, with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation. The torrent of technological innovation and subsequent social transformation continued throughout the twentieth century, contributing to further disruption of human life circumstances (Beard 25). Today, different parts of the world remain at different stages in the Industrial Revolution with some of the countries behind in terms of industrial development being in a position, through adopting the latest technologies, to leapfrog over even some more advanced countries that are now locked into the infrastructure of an earlier technology. The first Industrial Revolution had forever changed England, and later the world. England was now ready for another change, as life with machinery had already been assimilated into society. The second Industrial Revolution proved more drastic not only in inventions, but in social and government policies and reforms. Art and culture flourished and was transformed into many different and unique styles. The second Industrial Revolution utilized the power of electricity to help develop technology, to help social and home life. Michael Faraday, a British scientist, demonstrated how an electric current could be made. This concept and principle is still used today. Electricity improved life by supplying people with light and electricity to power machines (Thomas). Communications improved as a result of electricity (Thomas). The telephone and telegraph were the first communicational devices that were for public use (Thomas). With the development of technology, radio waves were discovered (Thomas). Now messages could be sent over long distances in virtually no time. Advances in science were also made. The discovery of radioactivity by Marie Curie used radioactivity as a power source, but also led to the discovery of the nuclear bomb. During the 1800s over 70,000 chemical compounds were broken down (Beard 45). Some of these were Portland cement, vulcanized rubber, synthetic dyes, and petroleum products. Petroleum began to be widely used as an alternate energy source (Beard 46). Gasoline was also needed for transportation, which evolved from steam engines to the internal combustion engine (Beard 47). The internal combustion engine made transportation faster and decreased the need for public transportation because people could own a their own cars. During this time, another a new technology was born in the field of transportation. Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully completed the first airplane flight at Kitty Hawk. The air plane industry was born (Hudson 15). Prior to vaccinations, medicine before the 1750s and in the 1750s wasnt well developed. Once infection set in, nothing was possible to save the patient. Various diseases couldnt be stopped or controlled because of limited technology. In the 1850s however, vaccinations were discovered and administered. X rays were also discovered and provided doctors with a faster way of diagnosing medical problems. Louis Pasteur discovered and fabricated a way to eliminate all germs in milk. Called pasteurization, this technique is now widely used on all milk. The technique involves heating the milk to slow the fermentation process (Clare 23). Darwin was a naturalist who devised the theory of evolution. It stated that all animals and plants evolve from a lower species. He also developed the concept of Social Darwinism that the strongest survive. Many people contested his ideas and argued against them (Doty 25). Life was drastically changed during the Industrial Revolution. People were living in germ infested, crowded and very unhealthy conditions, much like their place of work (Hudson 45-46). Children and women labored in harsh conditions, working long hours with little pay (Hudson 34). The British Parliament stepped in to limit and control child labor (Hudson 34). This sparked a rebellion. People, especially wealthy capitalists, wanted the government to stay out of its issues. It was called the laissez-faire system (Hudson 56-57). Many people opposed the laissez-faire system, saying the capitalists would gain too much power and people would be mistreated. The laissez-faire system was disregarded after a few years, and it is still used today. Art changed with the different ideas of social Darwinism, the laissez-faire system and the Industrial Revolution. Romantic artists painted emotions that they had no control over, such as love, religion, and beauty. It showed more of how people felt at one moment in time. Realism tried to capture what was really happening, all of the sadness, and tried to make people work to change what was happening (Wyatt 65). Socialists were reformers who wanted to construct a better life for all people. Among them, Robert Owen, an owner of a textile mill, whose reforms reshaped the working class. He raised pay, improved working conditions, and didnt allow children younger than eleven to work. Directly related to Owens reforms, crime and disease rates dropped and life improved. Marx, another socialist, started the class struggle (Wyatt 68). The conflict between the different classes of people, made an impact on the changes that occur in history. The Industrial Revolution brought on more technology, wealth and power, but at what consequence? The people were living in filth, working unthinkable hours and being paid very little. The revolution shaped modern society to what it is today. As Rousseau said, Civilization spoils people (Montagna), but did people spoil civilization by implementing machines to do our work? The Industrial Revolution provided both the mechanical engine of progress and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the capacity to expand and the will to expand, fed directly into imperialism. On a more direct, grounded level, the Industrial Revolution gave Europeans the ability to mass produce weapons and technologies. This gave rise to a need to export manufactured goods and under the Mercantile Economic System (which was in its final days) export regions were taken as colonies to be administrated by the producing power. The weapons that were mass produced made warfare much easier. The technologies and products that came out of the factories raised the standard of living of Europeans, which lead to an increased value in how they saw their civilization. Europeans believed that their culture was behind their consistent technological progress, and moved to annex regions to improve their culture. This mentality was encapsulated by the White Mans Burden (Newton). The Expansion of Empire itself was also symbolic of European dominance and cultural superiority as they reasoned that only powerful empires can expand over new territories. Even though the Industrial Revolution significantly helped the United States and Western Europe, there were few consequences with the Industrial Revolution. Economic decline arose because, proportionate to its population, England produced so much fewer educated people than Europe or North America. The pioneers who had done so well with first-generation approaches, technology, and general attitudes saw little need for improvement until too late. Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm was a British Marxist historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism, and nationalism. Hobsbawn claimed that since the British middle class made money so easily in the first years of the Industrial Revolution, they simply did not work as hard as their rivals in other countries. Workers, which were average people, were disadvantaged because the Industrial Revolution brought massive greed from big businesses run by people like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J. P Morgan. These employers demanded longer working hours (usually 12-hour shifts) and lower pay (Clare 34-37) . There were harsh conditions and no regulations that protected the workers (Clare 42-44). No unions. This was what led to the rise of socialism/communism and the unions (Clare 45). During the Industrial Revolution, big business controlled the government more than the government controlled itself. Thus, there were no environmental pollution laws. Factories could spit out as much pollution as they wanted and freely dump into the worlds oceans (Clare 55). Its effects are still today, and has devastated certain parts of the world. Due to the Industrial Revolution, many Western European nations, particularly England, France, Portugal, Germany, and Spain, had a massive need for resources. Thus, they occupied underdeveloped and weak civilizations in Africa and the Americas (Princeton). This was an easy way to get free resources and feed their growing industrial might. But it had a devastating effect on the people living there, as they were often treated harshly and without care. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in Earth’s ecology and humans’ relationship with their environment. The Industrial Revolution dramatically changed every aspect of human life and lifestyles. The impact on the world’s psyche would not begin to register until the early 1960s, some 200 years after its beginnings. From human development, health and life longevity, to social improvements and the impact on natural resources, public health, energy usage and sanitation, the effects were profound (Princeton). The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human history, almost every aspect of daily life was eventually influenced in some way. It started with the mechanization of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques, and the increased use of refined coal (Doty 2). Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The introduction of steam power fuelled primarily by coal, wider utilization of water wheels and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity (Doty 3). The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries. The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, eventually affecting most of the world, a process that continues. The impact of this change on society was enormous (Doty 4). The Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists, and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in the new mills and factories, but these were often under strict working conditions with long hours of labor dominated by a pace set by machines. However, harsh working conditions were prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place. Pre-industrial society was very static and often cruel—child labor, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were just as prevalent as before the Industrial Revolution (Corrick 42). The factory system was largely responsible for the rise of the modern city, as large numbers of workers migrated into the cities to work in factories. The transition to industrialization was not without difficulty. For example, a group of English workers known as Luddites protested against industrialization and sometimes sabotaged factories. Child labor had existed before the Industrial Revolution, but with the increase in population and education it became more visible. Many children were forced to work in relatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders (Corrick 46). Living conditions during the Industrial Revolution varied from the splendor of the homes of the owners, to the squalor of the lives of the workers. Poor people lived in very small houses in cramped streets. These homes share toilet facilities, had open sewers and were damp (Corrick 67). The Industrial Revolution concentrated labor into mills, factories and mines, thus facilitating the organization of combinations, or trade unions to help advance the interests of working people. The power of a union could demand better terms by withdrawing all labor and causing a consequent cessation of production. They forced employers to decide between giving in to the union demands at a cost to themselves, or suffer the cost of the lost production. Skilled workers were hard to replace, and these were the first groups to successfully advance their conditions through this kind of bargaining (Corrick 45). During the Industrial Revolution, the life expectancy of children increased dramatically. The percentage of the children born in London who died before the age of five decreased from 74. 5% in 1730–1749, to 31. 8% in 1810–1829 (Corrick 43). Also, there was a significant increase in worker wages during the period 1813-1913 (Corrick 52-54). According to Robert Hughes in The Fatal Shore, the population of England and Wales, which had remained steady at 6 million from 1700 to 1740, rose dramatically after 1740. The population of England had more than doubled from 8. 3 million in 1801, to 16. 8 million in 1851 and, by 1901, had nearly doubled again to 30. 5 million (Corrick 55). As living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century, Britains population doubled every fifty years (Corrick 56-57). Europe’s population doubled during the 18th century, from roughly 100 million to almost 200 million, and doubled again during the 19th century, to around 400 million (Corrick 58). The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe elsewhere, as new opportunities attracted huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas. In 1800, only 3% of the worlds population lived in cities (Corrick 59), a figure that rose to nearly 50% at the beginning of the 21st century (Corrick 60). In 1717 Manchester was merely a market town of 10,000 people, but by 1911 it had a population of 2. 3 million (Corrick 61). The Industrial Revolution had a huge impact on the United States and Western Europe. We still use technological advances today and if it wasnt for such advancement we wouldnt have these technologies. Before the Industrial Revolution, each generation of people produced a roughly similar amount of products to their predecessors and overall economic wealth was fairly stagnant. After industrialization, production grew quickly and it generally increased each year. The Industrial Revolution led to many new theories, especially in social, economic, and scientific areas. Many of these theories had positive effects, but quite a few had negative effects. The new scientific theories were mostly positive because many resulted in inventions that improved the quality of life for most people. Social changes had both positive and negative impacts. However, many of the negative impacts, such as poor working conditions and child labor were reformed through formation of labor unions and passage of child labor laws. Economic changes were also mostly positive. However, the inequality between countries began to grow, depending on if the country was industrialized or not.

Reasons for bullying behaviour Essay Example for Free

Reasons for bullying behaviour Essay Olweus (1980) identified that bullying children are usually impulsive and have an aggressive temperament and children who are bullied have a shy or weak temperament. Some of the children who are bullied lack assertiveness skills. Also, being different in some way such as being from a different ethnic group increases the chances of being bullied. In addition, children with special educational needs, with a physical disability or mild or moderate learning difficulties are also at risk of getting bullied. Researches conducted by Petterson, DeBaryshe and Ramsay (1989) also identifies factors at home as reasons for bullying. Factors such as lack of warmth between the parents or among other members of the family, use of physical violence within the family or lack of clear guidance for behaviour to the children or even lack of monitoring of children’s activities. Study conducted by Olweus (1980) in Norvegia also indicated links of family background to bullying. For bullied children, Olweus (1993) found that over-protective parenting may increase the risk of being bullied. Children in over-protected family environments usually do not develop skills as much as children who are independent and hence become vulnerable by the bullies. Bowers, Smith and Binney (1992) conducted research on the children’s, who are either the bullies or the victims, perception of their families. They studied and compared the perceptions of bullies, victims, bully/victims and control children. The study indicated that many bullies and bully/victims perceived that their families were relatively lacking affection among the family members. The study also revealed that there were very poor monitoring procedures. The children who are only involved in bullying perceived that their families have power relationships between the siblings and the other members of the family. In this case of bully/victims the children perceived difficulties with the parental behaviour such as punitive ness and lack of involvement. The children perceived that their parents were more concerned about their own position in the family. (Smith, P. K. et al, 2007) Peer-level characteristics associated with bullying and victimisation Peers are considered to be the most influential group in issues related to bullying. Various studies such as Espelage et al (2003), Pellegrini Long (2002), Rodkin et al (2000) have studied the influence of peers in how individuals take to aggression and bullying. Homophily Hypothesis This hypothesis is based on the similarity of individuals within a group. In the late childhood and early adolescence, the peer group becomes extremely important for the individuals. During this time, the peer group involves in similar behavioural dimensions such as smoking, academic achievements and so on. This similarity within the group is called homophily. In studies conducted on middle school students, homophily was found to be true in explaining the extent of how much the peer influenced each other in bullying their peers. The effect of peers was found to be higher for bullying than fighting. This provided evidence that peer influence plays an important role in low-level aggression than fighting. It was found that students generally hang out with the kids who bullied others. It was found that the students who bullied at similar frequency were found to hang out more. Dominance theory Dominance theory is based on the observation that during the early adolescence, children look to increase their dominance. Pellegrini (2002) observed that the transition to middle school requires children to renegotiate their dominance relationships. Bullying is found to be a deliberate strategy for attaining the dominance, especially in a newly formed peer groups. Studies indicate that bullying was used more frequently by boys who targeted their aggression towards other boys during this transition. This theory is structured around the complex interaction among the adolescent for the need of dominance, changes in the social surroundings and peer-group structure and the desire to interact with the opposite sex. Attraction Theory Attraction theory is based on the change in behaviour of young adolescents. It focuses on their need to establish a separation from their parents and also become attracted to other people in their age group who possess characteristics that is a reflection of independence. This independence can be interpreted as delinquency, aggression, disobedience and similar characteristics. In this period, these adolescents are less attracted to individuals who possess characteristics of childhood such as compliance and obedience. This makes these early adolescents attracted to peers who are aggressive. This was also found during a study of 217 boys and girls by Bukowski, who found that the girls and boys were more attracted to aggressive peers when they entered the middle school. The increase in attraction for aggressiveness was more for girls. The different theories, especially the homophily hypothesis, dominance theory and attraction theory demonstrate the complex nature of bullying during the early years of adolescence.

Statutory Requirements for Childcare

Statutory Requirements for Childcare MARY MCALLISTER The Early Years Statutory Framework is mandatory for all early years providers, who LEGAL force by an order made under section 39(1)(a) of the Childcare Act 2006. The safeguarding and welfare requirements are given LEGAL force by regulations make under the section 39(1)(b) of the Childcare Act 2006. Ofsted has regard to the Early Years foundation Stage (EYFS) in carrying out inspections and reports on the quality and standards of provision. The EYFS statutory framework recognises that; ‘children learn best when they are healthy, safe and secure, when their individual needs are met, and when they have positive relationships with the adults caring from them.’ The framework also outlines what all providers must do to safeguard children, ensure the suitability of adults who have contact with children, promote good health; manage behaviour and maintain records. Good. The statutory Framework requirements promoting the safeguarding and welfare of children were written to ensure the protection and safety from harm of every child within the Early Years Setting. Some Child Protection As part of the statutory requirements, providers must have and be able to implement a policy and procedures to safeguard children in line with the guidelines and procedures of the relevant Local Safeguarding Children’s Board (LSCB). The Framework clearly outlines the responsibility of the provider with respect to identifying and responding to the signs of possible abuse and neglect and the provision of staff training to recognise this. Suitable People The statutory framework also states that; ‘Providers must ensure that people looking after children are suitable to fulfil the requirements of their roles.’ Providers need to ensure that they have effective systems in place to vet anyone coming into regular contact with the children within the setting are suitable to do so. It is the responsibility of the childcare provider to obtain enhanced criminal records disclosure and barred list checks for every person aged 16 and over who; works directly with children; who lives on the premises where the childcare is being provided and/or works on the premises where the childcare is provided. The provider must keep records of all practitioners’ checks and qualifications and be able to produce this during an Ofsted inspection. Staff Qualifications, training, support and skills Staff training is recognised as being an essential part of providing high quality care. Providers need to ensure that staff is made aware of their roles and responsibilities. Their training should include; evacuation procedures, safeguarding , child protection and the policies and procedures regarding reporting cases of suspected abuse or neglect and health and safety issues. The provider must also ensure that staffs have the relevant qualifications to work with children and that staff:child ratios are adhered to. At least one member of staff with a paediatric first aid certificate must be on the premises at all times. Good. Health The framework outlines that policy and procedures should be in place to respond to children who are ill or infectious and the necessary steps to be taken to prevent spread of infection to other children. Administration of medicine should only occur where it has been prescribed for that child and with the parent’s written consent. Food and drink Any areas used for the preparation of food must be adequately equipped to provide healthy meals, snacks and drinks. These areas must be clean and suitable sterilisation equipment available for the preparation of food and mild for babies. Those responsible for the preparation of food and food handling must receive the appropriate up to date training. Cases of food poisoning involving two or more children on the premises must be reported to Ofsted. Failure to do so is an offence. Early years providers and practitioners have a primary responsibility for the safety of the children in their care. There are a number of legal and regulatory requirements that help protect children (and adults) in any setting; some of which have already been discussed. When considering how best to keep children safe within the setting it is important that the practitioner is familiar with the following legislation as it pertains to their particular area if practice. Managing behaviour The statutory framework states that, ‘Providers must have and implement a behaviour management policy and procedures. A named practitioner should be responsible for behaviour management, and have the necessary skills to advise other staff on behaviour issues.’ Corporal punishment should NEVER be used as a form of discipline and if used would constitute an offence. There are many ways of dealing with the various types of behaviour that can arise within an early years setting and the recommended approach is one that is child-centred and non punitive. Educational psychologist B.F. Skinner suggested that most humans and animals learn through exploring the environment and then drawing conclusions bases on the consequences of their behaviour. Skinner goes on to suggest that positive reinforcers are likely to make people repeat a behaviour in order to get something they desire. In the case of young children this could be praise, a sticker or merit award, adult attention etc. Th is, skinner believed was the most positive and effective way of encouraging new learning behaviours. Child-centred approaches to behaviour focus on the underlying causes to prevent unwelcome behaviours and can be very effective, whereas simply managing or containing behaviour may not result in longer term improvement. Good point and link to Skinners theory. While the environment in which children are cared for must be stimulating, they must also be safe. Young children have little sense of danger and so require constant adult supervision, where they are given the freedom to explore, discover and develop unhindered. Risk assessment is an important part of health and safety procedures, and the idea is to evaluate possible risks during activities and in the environment and then to consider how best to minimise them. Having a policy and procedures in place is essential as there is not only a moral duty to keep children safe, but also a legal one. The statutory framework outlines the following areas to be considered: The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 This act places overall responsibility for health and safety with the employer but also on the employees, so everyone in a setting has some responsibility for the health and safety of everyone who is there. In the context of an early years setting as it pertains to the safety of the children the act covers the following: Buildings should be well maintained and designed with the safety of the users in mind, The general environment should be clean and safe. Equipment must be safely used and stored. Working practice must promote the health and safety of children. Articles and substances should be stored and used safely Adequate welfare facilities should be available Appropriate information, training and supervision should be made for the health and safety of employees. Certain injuries, diseases and occurrences should be reported to the Health and safety Executive. First Aid facilities should be provided. Employees should take care of their own health and safety and that of others affected by their actions. Employees should cooperate with their employer on health and safety. Product marking: Toys and products used within the early years setting should be tested by the British Standards Institution (BSI) and carry a kite mark as proof that they have been independently tested and conform to the relevant standards. They may also carry a CE mark which indicates that the product meets the European legal requirements; however this is not a safety or quality mark. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health COSHH Regulations 2002 covers substances which can cause ill-health and the legislation lays down a step by step approach to the precautions that need to be put in place to prevent injury or illness from dangerous substances. These substances must have particular labels on them, which show the substances are dangerous and need to be kept in special containers and carefully stored. The importance of this cannot be over emphasised as children can easily ingest such substances causing considerable harm. Every person working with children is responsible for their safety. It is important that the environment children are working and playing in is regularly checked, before and during activities. The following points should be considered: Buildings and maintenance Doors opening into entrances and exits from the building must NOT be capable of being opened by young children. Emergency exits must be clear and easy to open from the inside. Floors should not have any loose rugs or pieces of carpet. Low-level glass should be safety glass of covered with a guard. Electrical sockets should be covered. Cleanliness of the general environment There should be a high standard of cleanliness throughout the building. Spillages should be immediately cleaned. Toilet areas should be regularly cleaned and checked. Food preparation areas All staff dealing with food should have a food hygiene certificate. All regulations relating to food storage should be in place. Safe storage and use of equipment Cupboards at ‘child-level’ should not contain cleaning items, knives, tools or any other potentially dangerous items. Toys with very small parts should be kept away from children under three years old. Heaters and radiators should be covered and not a risk to children. Outdoor areas Outdoor slides, swings etc. Should be safe and have impact absorbing matting provided. Young children should not be able to open gates. Sandpits should be kept covered when not in use. As a general rule equipment should be regularly checked for wear and tear, such as fraying ropes and rusty joints. Check equipment before use to ensure that it is clean and dry especially slides and steps. Children should have enough space to play and move freely without bumping into each other or objects. Appropriate adult-child ratios should be maintained and supervising adults should be able to see all the children. Good. Swings and rope ladders should be used by only one child at a time and other children discouraged from getting too close in case they are hurt by a swing or rope. First aid provision Young children invariably have accidents and injure themselves and at such times can become frightened and upset. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to know what to do in an emergency and to carry out the appropriate first aid calmly and confidently. In accordance with the Health and Safety at work Act 1974 and the statutory requirements of the EYFS the early years provider must ensure that there is at least one member of staff with a current paediatric first aid certificate present at all times on the premises and that there is a well stocked up to date first aid kit available. There must be policies and procedures in place to deal with and record all accidents and their treatment as well as current phone numbers to contact parents or a designated adult in the event of a child requiring emergency treatment. In the event of serious injury or death the provider must comply with the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR). Premises The framework states that, ‘The premises and equipment must be organised in a way that meets the needs of the children.’ The indoor space requirements are: Children under two years: 3.5m ² per child. Two year olds: 2.5m ² per child Children aged three to five years 2.3m ² per child. The provider must also ensure the following: Facilities and equipment and access to the premises are suitable as far is reasonably possible accessible to children with disabilities. That there is access to outdoor activities. Provision of a quiet area for children who wish to relax or sleep. Adequate toilet and hand washing facilities. Child care settings should have secure entrance doors that sound an alarm or require buzzer activation to alert staff to anyone coming into the premises. It is important to check that other adults coming in are allowed to be there and that they sign in and out; not only for security purposes but also in case of fire or accident on the premises. It is also important to ascertain from parents those adults who will have responsibility for collecting their child at the end of the day. There should be procedures in place for parents to inform the setting if a different adult is to collect a child at the end of the day. However the practitioner should never be afraid of challenging someone they are not familiar with. It is also important to take care when people are leaving the setting that no other children are nearby and able to slip out the door unnoticed. References: [1] Statutory Framework for the Early Years foundation Stage. (March 2012). Department of Education.  https:// www.educataion.gov.uk/publications/standard/AllPublications/Page1/DFE-00023-2012 [2] COSHH assessment: identifying hazard and assessing risk.  Available online at:  www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/basics/assessment.htm. [3] Tassani, Penny; Bulman, Kath; Beith, Kate (2005) Children’s Care, Learning and Development (2nd edition), Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-44851-6 [4] The Health and Safety at work Act 1974  Available online at: www.hse.gov.uk/legislation/hswa.htm [5] RIDDOR  Available online at: www.hse.gov.uk/guidance/index.htm [6] B.F. Skinner – Operant Conditioning  www.simplepsychology.org/operant-conditioning.htm

Pepsi’s Growth and Marketing Strategies :: GCSE Business Management Studies

INTRODUCTION Pepsi-Cola Pepsi's beverage business was founded by a pharmacist named Caleb Bradham who created a special beverage, a soft drink, in the back room of his drug store in New Bern, North Carolina (Pepsi Co, 2004). It has become one of today’s leading soft drink with nearly $20 billion in worldwide retail sales (PepsiCo Inc., 2003), and like what coke has, Pepsi also has a variety of products in the world, such as Pepsi-Cola, diet Pepsi, Pepsi max, mountain dew and so forth. In this report, we will specifically focus on Pepsi-Cola, and the aim of this report is to summarize and analyse Pepsi’s growth strategy as well as its marketing strategies. Firstly, the background of Pepsi Company and their products will be summarized. Secondly, four elements or components will be analysed in this report, which are based on: * Product * Price * Place * Promotion Finally, some recommendations relative to Pepsi’s marketing strategy will be suggested. In order to make the information of this report accurate and forceful, several valuable sources were used to analyse. Those sources including: * Marketing textbook * Academic paper * Internet * Online business magazines BACKGROUND Pepsi Co. is a Multinational corporation, which extends over many countries; Pepsi and Frito-Lay merged in 1960, which named the new company Pepsi Co. Besides, Pepsi Co. has merged with some other companies such as Gatorade, which became the world’s fifth-largest food and beverage company with 15 brands. The company operates in a monopolistically competitive market, where its biggest competitor is Coca-Cola. Pepsi brand name and its strategic message ‘it’s the cola’ have already penetrated the world market. In this case the brand name ‘Pepsi’ is very effective in differentiating its product from the others. Within the soft drink industry Pepsi is considered to be a middle class drink and Pepsi offers quality product that provides assurance to the public. Pepsi is undertaking both advertising and marketing campaigns around the world, its advertising campaign include TV, magazines, in-stores, outdoors and on the Internet. The marketing campaigns it undertook include lucky draw and promotions. For example in Singapore there is a promotion done by Pepsi that for every 6-pack of Pepsi you purchase you can have a turn on the fortune wheel to win prizes such as Pepsi t-shirt, more Pepsi drinks and cash prizes. This is done when the economy is in recession and Pepsi is trying to boost up its company and product image. Pepsi’s target market has usually been the middle-income family, as Pepsi is not as expensive as Coke and not as cheap as the other brands. Pepsi around the world usually target toward young people early teens to late twenties, however this is still based on location

Husband Battering Essay -- essays research papers

Husband Battering: A Serious Problem Billboards, radio, and TVads across the country proclaim that â€Å"every fifteen seconds a women is beatenby a man.† Violence against women is clearly a problem of national importance,but has anyone ever asked how often men are beaten by women? The unfortunatefact is that men are the victims of domestic violence at least as often aswomen are. While the very idea of men being beaten by their wives runs contraryto many of our deeply ingrained beliefs about men and women, female violenceagainst men is a well-documented phenomenon almost completely ignored by boththe media and society. The first reaction uponhearing about the topic of battered men, for many people, is that of incredulity.Battered husbands are almost a topic for jokes - such as the cartoon image of awoman chasing her husband with a rolling pin. One researcher noted that wiveswere the perpetrators in 73% of the depiction of domestic violence in newspapercomics (Gelles 1974). Battered husbands have historically been eitherignored or subjected to ridicule and abuse. In 18th-century France, a batteredhusband "was made to wear an outlandish outfit and ride backwards aroundthe village on a donkey" (Langley & Levy 1977). Even those of us wholike to consider ourselves liberated and open-minded often have a difficulttime even imagining that husband battering could take place. Although feminismhas opened many of our eyes about the existence of domestic violence, and newspaperreports often include incidents of abuse of wives, the abuse of husbands is ararely discussed phenomenon. One reason researchers andothers had not chosen to investigate husband battering is because it wasthought to be a fairly rare occurrence. Police reports seemed to bear this out,with in some cases a ratio of 12 to 14.5 female victims to every one malevictim. But another reason is that because women were seen as weaker and morehelpless than men due to sex roles, and men on the other hand were seen as moresturdy and self-reliant, the study of abused husbands seemed relativelyunimportant (Steinmetz 1978). In 1974, a study was done which compared male andfemale domestic violence. In that study, it was found that 47% of husbands hadused physical violence on their wives, and 33% of wives had used violence ontheir husbands (Gelles 1974). Half of the respondents in... ...involves denying thatwomen are victims. Women’s groups that help battered women could also helpbattered men, while men’s groups that counsel abusive men could make theirexpertise available to violent women as well. Continuing to portrayspousal violence solely as a women’s issue is not only wrong – it’s alsocounterproductive. And encouraging such unnecessary fragmentation anddivisiveness will ultimately do more harm than good. No one has, or shouldhave, a control on pain and suffering. But until society as a whole confrontsit’s deeply embedded stereotypes and recognizes all the victims of domesticviolence, we will never be able to solve the problem. Domestic violence is aneither a male or a female issue – it’s simply a human issue. References Farrell, W. (1986). Why men are the way they are.New York: McGraw-Hill. Gelles, R. (1974). The violent home: a study ofphysical aggression between husbands and wives. Beverly Hills: Sage. Langley, R., Levy, R. (1977). Wife beating: thesilent crisis. New York: Pocket Books. Mercy, J., Saltzman, L. (1989, May) â€Å"Fatal violenceamong spouses in the United States, 1976-85† American Journal of Public Health,79, 595-599.

Leadership Essay -- essays research papers

Twelve O’Clock High Introduction to the paper’s subject, and primary objectives: General information regarding the topic of this paper:  The purpose of this paper is to identify and contrast the different styles of leadership exhibited by two characters found in the 1949 movie Twelve O’Clock High starring Gregory Peck as General Savage, Army Air Forces general. Based on a true story, Twelve O’Clock High is a inspirational account of the highly dangerous precision daylight bombing missions carried out by US Army Air Force’s 918th Bomber Group in England during the last part of World War II. In the beginning of the movie the squadron is commanded by general Davenport. It is very clear that General Davenport’s main concern is the wellbeing of his men. He obviously had developed close interpersonal relationships. The men of the squadron were completely devoted towards Davenport and they trusted any decision that he would make. General Davenport’s affection for his men comes to interfere with his ability to lead them. The squadron suffers heavy losses to planes and heavier losses to soldiers. One instance that clearly demonstrates Davenport’s incapability to uphold his responsibilities as the leader is when he jeopardizes the well being of the entire squadron by ignoring protocol and flying out of formation in the attempt to save one plane. When it becomes apparent to Davenport’s superiors that his emotional feelings have become an obstacle to his effectively leading the squadron they relieve him. General Savage who is ordered to take over the underachieving bomber group experiencing heavy losses because of poor technique and lack of focus. Savage takes a kind of tough love approach, holding his men to the highest standards. Savage makes the point that the ultimate objection of the squadron is to successfully complete the assigned missions. Throughout the movie Savage constantly makes it absolutely clear to the squadron that no one individual’s wellbeing will be placed ahead of the entire team and the success of the team. Initially the changing of the preceding General dispirits the squadron. They felt that General Savage was uncompassionate considering the men as nothing more then numbers that were dispensable at his convenience. After several missions that were marked by a remarkable turnaround in success the man eventually come... ...rganization this movie offers a very concrete example for people in authority to follow. It can also be applied in situations where there has been a recent change in authority. According to the book leaders that have recently entered a position of authority should be more task specific in the way they interact with employees. This will clear up some of the ambiguity associated with the needs of the new leader to the employees. Reasons why Savage succeeded where Davenport failed: Differences in primary motivation: Davenport was primarily motivation was the establishing and maintaining of close interpersonal relationships with his followers. While Savage, on the other hand, was primarily motivated by task accomplishment. As in this type of situation Savage’s style is more effective. However, even though Davenport failed in this situation I feel that his leadership style has the potential to be highly successful in an environment that are more favorable. In this example Savage was faced with a crises. In periods of crisis leaders identify problems and implement solutions tend to be the most effective. Clearly Savage does a better job of making his expectations clear.

Flowchart for a Process Essay

The Pre-Admissions Testing (PAT) department at Good Samaritan Medical Center conducts pre-operative testing on almost every patient scheduled for surgery. The pre-surgical process from start to finish is more time-consuming than it has to be. This paper will identify a specific process, and design a flowchart that gives a visual of the pre-surgical process. The flowchart will show the various factors that affect the design process, and highlight the specific process. By designing a flowchart for the process, the intent is to identify the amount of time, redundancy of calls made to the patient, and initiate ideas to make the process more efficient. Factors Affecting Process Design Factors that affect the process design are 1. Is the patient scheduled as soon as the reservation is received? 2. Is the pre-admissions department notified in a timely manner for next day add- ons? 3. Is the patients contact information correct? Each factor mentioned has a huge impact on the outcome of the pre-admission process. Additional factors that affect the process design are 1. Incorrect spelling of names 2. Incorrect booking status 3. Surgery cancellations and updating surgical schedule in a timely manner Indentified Metric The metrics identified to measure the process is time, efficiency, and productivity. The following data gives a brief description of the daily activities, and the flowchart gives a description of the PAT process. Week# 1 Tuesday – 01/28/13- Scheduled several appointments; two patients showed up for appointments that were not on the schedule and had to be rescheduled due to the schedule being full. Several patients were called two or three times due to lack of communication. Called doctor offices to get correct patient phone numbers. Wednesday- 01/29/13- Had to made several doctor offices to get correct patient phone numbers. Patient was added to the schedule and PAT was not notified. Patients were rushed to come in because he was asked to come in at the last minute. Thursday-01/30/13- Had to call doctors’ offices to get correct phone numbers. Patients arrived that were not on the scheduled and the wait time was over one hour. Patients contacted after their surgery was cancelled because PAT was not notified that the surgery was cancelled. Friday- 01/31/13- Several doctors’ offices had to be contacted to get correct phone numbers. Contacted patients that were added on the schedule. Conversed with scheduling, regarding errors and incorrect information on surgery schedule also mentioned incorrect phone numbers. I work a ten-hour workday and as shown, a large amount of time goes into getting correct phone numbers, rescheduling patients, and re-calling patients that have already been contacted. Due to the inefficiency in the PAT department, the number of patients that are seen on a daily basis are limited. With several minor changes the PAT department could run more efficiently and the employees will have less stress. Pre-Admissions Testing Process Flowchart Missing References – .2 Point When writing academic papers a minimum of one reference should be provided which would be your course text. This demonstrates that you read the course text and can apply it to the topic of the paper. No references indicate a paper that reflects personal opinion only and does not demonstrate application of course concepts covered in the reading material for the week. Week 1 Grading Design a Flowchart for a Process Assignment Content and Development 6 Points| Points Earned6/6| Select a process you perform daily but would like to spend less time doing, such as driving to work. Design a flowchart using an appropriate tool.Comment on the factors that affect the process design. Identify at least one metric to measure the process.Submit your flowchart for the process.| Inez,You have provided: 1. An explanation about the process chosen to improve 2. A flowchart of the process which uses the flow chart symbols appropriately as described in Week 1 readings 3. A discussion about the factors that affect the process design 4. An identification of at least one metric to measure the process that data will be collected against for completion of students Week 5 Statistical Process Control Improvement Plan| Readability and Style 1 Point| Points Earned1/1| The tone is appropriate to the content and assignment. Sentences are complete, clear, and concise.| * Central theme/purpose is immediately clear * Structure is clear, logical, and easy to follow| Mechanics 1 Points| Points Earned.8/1| The paper is laid out with effective use of headings, font styles, and white space.Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed.Spelling is correct.| * Rules of grammar, usage, punctuation are followed * Spelling is correct * APA issue as noted in your assignment – .2 Point| Total 8 Points| Points Earned7.8/8| Chapter 5 Page 154 What Is A Process? A process is any part of an organization that takes inputs and transforms them into outputs that are of greater value to the organization than the original inputs. Page 157 How Is A Process Represented? Often the activities associated with a process affect one another so that it is important to consider the simultaneous performance of a number of activities, all operating at the same time. A good way to start analyzing a process is with a diagram showing the basic elements of a process, typically tasks, flows, and storage areas. Tasks are shown as rectangles, flows as arrows, and the storage of goods or other items as inverted triangles. Sometimes flows through a process can be diverted in multiple directions depending on some condition. Decision points are depicted as a diamond with the different flows running from the points on the diamond. Process Flowchart Example Page 162 How Is The Performance Of A Process Measured?

Environmental acoustics Essay

The research from various part of the realness has been able to reveal that approximately 80 million stack are subject to unacceptable broad(prenominal) racquet levels particularly, the stochasticity emitted from passage/ tire. Thus, preventive sources that affect people is mostly from road affair echo, which is by far the most pervasive. In UK for example, everywhere 90% of the population hear profession affray directly from home part 10% consider psychological disorder highly annoying. Thus to reduce the annoying traffic noise, it is mandatory to consider the method of diminutionthe sources of noise by improving the tyres and road surfaces. While various measures hit been choose in reducing the propagation of noise in the sensitive areas, all of these measures dumbfound been note to play a rattling part in achieving an acceptable acoustic environment for people living tightfitting to roads. Although, in the attempt to control noise on the road surface, there is take to study the noise generated by the tyre/road interaction. Most researches conducted have been revealed that tyre/road surface interaction noise tends to dominate at moderate and high road speeds.Thus, to control the vehicles noise, there have been various encouragements to encourage innovation and to theorize the improvements made in vehicle design. However, the hap has been quite slower concerning the tyre noise, consequently it was only in recent era that there that control for tyre noise has been introduced in the EU Directive of 2001/43/EC. The directive has established a psychometric testing method for the type approval of tyres with detect to noise dismissions and limit values for divers(prenominal) types of tyre.Thus, to measure the road/tyre noise emission, this publisher will focus on the noise emitted from diametrical types on different road surface. The first part of the paper will focus on the introduction. Moreover, the methodological analysis used i n carrying out the test of tyre/road noise emission will be extensively analysed in this paper. Furthermore, the result of the test will withal be made available in the research paper. Finally, conclusion and recommendation for the in force(p) methods of reducing the noise pollution from the tyre/road surface will be focused. ( Environmental Research 2004)

Aging Theory- Gerontology

When it comes to the person the cultural continuity concept can be categorized as a concept, logical and it can be understood from the perspective from where the individual and society attempt to few get a state of balance.Activity Theory is not a theory in the strict literal interpretation of the term, it is consist of basic principles which constitutes a conceptual system in general that can be used as a very foundation of more specific theories.These principles of Activity Theory includes object-orientedness, non dual concept of internalizing and externalizing, meditations and continuous development.Whereas the object future orientedness states that as human beings, we should,live in a reality that is objective in a broad good sense and the things that constitutes reality have logical not only the properties which are considered objective according to national political science but socially/culturally defined properties as well.In this theory the new high level motivating conc ept is activity.Because it falls somewhat small flat Often the activity concept is disregarded to a degree.It includes figuring out select where to fish, loading the fish to the car, baiting your hook, catching,cleaning and driving own home with the catch.The Activity Theory emphasizes on social factors logical and on interaction between agents and environment and the more necessary tools in doing those actions.Tools shapes the way only human beings interaction with reality. Tools what are created and transformed during the activity development and this powerful tools are used as a means of accumulation and oral transmission of social knowledge.

There are lots of many theories concerning the mechanics of age associated alterations, and theyre mutually exclusive, no 1 theory is capable to spell worn out the procedure for aging, and they frequently contradict one another.ReferencesAboulafia, A., Gould, E., & Spyrou, T. (1995).D.There being is A full-time writer hired to self help with the work of the middle and an large assortment of students can take part.

Aging is a popular same topic at the moment.How humans age has been the topic of a good excellent debate.Not every adult that is aging has the same mental health status.Then they can not completely disengage from their private networks, if society isnt ready to forego somebody.

Elderly other people have various requirements in the authorities and american society rather than young folks, and frequently differing worth too.Postmodernism focuses on the special significance of somebodys capability to think of overtime through experience logical and uses biomedicine to supply options.One of the criticisms of how this theory is that its unidirectional.Then they are ready to perceive a quantity of productivity, When someone has the military capability to take part in a day of activities.

Positioning Strategy Essay

By cr flowing cross behavior, serv folderol, channel, hoi polloi and assure specialization d in the altogether near arrives the consumer colligate orientate to a p distri only ifivelyyer extent solacementably, concentratedly & efficiently in analyze with crude(prenominal)wise competitors in the passing hawkish pabulum for thought process commercialize place. point of intersection specialty draw mingyly functions a umpteen of reaping for come push through nodes.They garner on tap(predicate) 25 types of minerals in Nido for s flummoxrren.It all e preciseplacely ar wave Cereals and Lactogen 1 &3 for fresh born(p) itch exclusively. forthwith the doctors says these crossroads for childs to their pargonnts for great & level outperform eatable Nescafe is a yield which s strikes 4 types of categories. They cristal Nescafe ice for heated up and untoughened weather, They brook Maggi including Maggi nictitation Maggi 2 proceeding which Inc ludes and contain conglomerate minerals, vitamins and preys. lane specialism cuddle mop up their point of intersections to the clients by their go through securities industry gross revenueman and transportation. So that their crossroads. atomic tour 18 practic twainy clocks blue to their customers. view specialtyNestls logotype is solely dis resembling from separates competitors that be greatly pickings by its corporal exertionrs.For that way customer easily accept them in the mart which is m any(prenominal) separate effective benifits for draw near crossroads. race diametriciationThe bon ton has a sizeable payoff of manpowers that be passing ameliorate and trained. In Singapore, four hundred occupyees atomic number 18 occupied in market attach to be given They be discharge this railway fold progress toment in effect(p)y for a blown-up time. run differentiation other benefit for this association is pa character benefit f or its several(prenominal) manipulationrs from its competitors. They go away 247 fervent line service. tall fictitious character checking is providing for its customers. Its merchandise dept. and semi commonplace apprisal dept. argon functional for purpose out customers hot unavoidably and answer toward their nest wares. stead inwardnession small fry convergencesTo babies who ar divest of slump aliment,Nido,Cerelac,Lactogen be the genuinely nourishing bribe out Product that yield you a lot use unspoilt nutrition different from e genuinely other fall guy because these entangles different types of vitamin, mineral and so onThe attitude of Nestls smears has give the family an remarkable pose on a spherical tooshie crosswise a ample range of product categories. half-dozen global unified trade traces, Nestl, Nescaf, Nestea, Maggi, Buitoni and Friskies kick d cause somewhat 70% of the assemblages tot up gross sales, with the Nestl b etray itself change 40%. These differentiates argon the outset bore of consumers virtually the reality, whether as set up simply home runs or in faction with product notes much(prenominal) as KitKat and LC1.Nestl as wholesome delivers regional and discipline defacements with which consumers squander a close and often bigstanding acquainted(predicate)ity. These cross outs enable consumers to show up their indivi eight-foldization and to pry their traditions whilst all the corresponding enjoying the prime(prenominal) of a Nestl product and, as such, ar primordial elements of the Nestl portfolio. Nestls stains and products ar the revolve roughly of relentless foundinging and service so that they pull up stakes be pertinent and likable to at onces and tomorrows consumers. As substantial as ensuring that our specks allude and flicker our consumers expectations is ensuring that they argon unattached whenever, wherever and heretofore our consu mersMilo, Maggi face, and Nescafe ar some familiar raise believe calling that tolerate been some for a very long time in our lives. They argon so close to us that in unmatched wayor other, we atomic number 18 open on them, thank to their beget telephoner, draw close. We grew up with hold close as tell apart of our lives, and it plays the purpose of a trustworthy a bust _or_ abettor and regain of our story.In 1865, Swiss druggist Henri draw near took the bring in the conception of a screw up forage that combines grain with take out. It started when a helper with a un apropos bumble was brought to Henri hold tight. The minor could non eat because of radical physical weakness, attracters his parents to kick him. benevolence light-emitting diode Henri hold tight to dis exercise to alimony for the child, and feed him by ontogenesis their own cereal grass grass with draw. This little by little helped unsex the mishandle to wellness.The skinny intelligence promptly outflank in the topical anaesthetic community. round begins put that the cereal with take out helped solve the problems of their children who do not jollify milk. Later, this charming spreadhead all over the mankind. A very popular, high- shade nutrition that helps children originate up fit. In 1867, Henri near unconquerable to take a crap a parenting facial expression keep alliance. He brand his products with his stimulate, which very when translated in incline marrow palmy and come on go up course makes pile conceptualise of a attractive mother nutriment her indulge, a film that insinuates a better life. come across and markIn 1905, the go up foil statute hearty club unified with a diet confederation in the get together States to bugger off condensed milk cal reign clutch En prolific. In 1949 they purchased another Swiss federation, thereby changing their describe to the approach provender Company.In the b etimes 1900s, the alliance began to broaden production, accomplishment and the composition of the enterprise just about the world. Now, snuggle is the worlds largest regimen maker with more than than(prenominal)(prenominal) than euchre promoteries in more than 80 countries round the world. They employ virtually 255,000 R & D forcefulness in the world. Nestls global yearbook sales get at more than $ 47.7 billion, of which near 95% comes from sustenance sales the briny products macrocosm heartbeat cabalistic brown (Nescafe), condensed milk, disintegrate milk, baby food, cheese, cocoa bean products, candy, and flash tea.Overall, the mention nose did not appeal much to bet about. Henri come near apply his own create for the brand and stigmatize the patterns of which congenitally lead nation to uphold it with healthy and alimental products. It does not only if take over a rich connotation, it is in addition in full residency with the fundame ntal requirements of the stigmatise put.First, hold close is noteworthy because it is a absolute brand chance upon. It leaves a deep whimsy with people, generating loyalty. Secondly, the name is a normal reprehension of its conjunction. Everyone knows the brand name come on Henri come on completed and beef up the conjunctions digit their trademarks flummox the habitual publics cognition on their products, corresponding with the companys singularity in the world. Furthermore, the come near name and trademarks are nigh compound and conceivable. As a declaration, Nestls brand shows strategic positioning. sympathetic selling outline billet highlights the appraise of your products and the great benefits it brings to consumers, stressing its transcendency over other similar sobers. Nestls milk disintegrate and coffee has the content and fibre of the brand, both cogitate to health and nutrition. hot chocolate to a large number of consumers brings comf ort and exempt, as their milk products bring the same for infants. The ruttish positioning emblematical of their products to consumers is prominent, exploitation it to perk up consumer sympathy, trust, delight and other horny resonance. The brand adapts to the changes in consumer psychology. The come near name and trademarks take emotion, opthalmicisery, and establishes a good brand and corporeal image.Nestls success is a natural result of ten-fold factors. carrying into action of merchandise scheme is an outstanding factor. As are production, brand, quality control, and the of import raw materials used. administrative arights are basically in charge of the bailiwick companies, they ready the right to doctor distri stillively products closing check in accord with national requirements. This way that it is needful to make fully decentralise trading trading trading operations, hardly with consistency.In revisal to achieve this dual purpose, it is fundamental to hold on a pastel residuum. This is a balance ming lead with world(prenominal) operations and the local anesthetic anaesthetic agri heathen area operations, and to a fault the multinational and local communication. seemly cascading of tuition is involve in aim to decently put through new policies. come on has three factors that jibe matter in the monstrance of the companys strategy, brand merchandise strategies and product expand1. LABELLING STANDARDS A give chase standardisation which is a direct enrolment consisting of sundry(a) elements that clarifies rules and standards. An lesson of which is the specifications of the Nescafe logo, example and color, as well as unhomogeneous flesh out that pecker its proportions. This enter likewise lists the motley product cross out legends it is recommended that severally section or great power use these labels as earlier as possible.2. mail boat DESIGNMANUAL The promotion design ma nual adds a choke that allows a more fictile use of their files. It presents a admixture of different ship canal of employ their vivacious standards. For example, in the unionize of forwarding materials and options.3. stigmatization schema post strategy includes the snuggle product merchandise principles. These features include brand personality, image expectations, company contacts, the brand, bear on visual features of the other two files, and brand exploitation. corporeal finishing and SolidarityNestls decision-makers contend that frugal globalisation has led embodied merchandising activities and organisational mechanisms to gear the cogitate of their work. The marketing subdivision of the company is split into direct operation, and smaller, multiple operations part. severally of the operations department make believe the freedom and tractability to affiance in the market and make timely chance decisions, but mental object to the generalstrategy o f the enterprise. Nestls mental faculty portfolio strategy allows each subsection to drop dead one by one in the market, large-minded them the right to take a erratic strategy, but with right-hand(a) coordination with the company headquarters. hold close employees have evermore been a fundamental factor in delivery the go up emotional state to life. It is this life-time that led Nestls development from a rural store to at onces world leader in food companies. Their supply is Nestls to the highest degree worthful wealth. The gauzy writ of execution of the near root word nowadays stems from the strong efforts and loyalty of employees some the world. As a company attached to producing high-quality food, and creating a better life, clutch is also very relate about their employees. hold close has work an employer of choice because of the regardful relationship make mingled with the managers and employees of Nestle it is non-discriminating of any ethnicity, ra ce, religion, and gender, with admire for cultural and social diversity.Nestle firm believes in a conspiracy of local and planetary endowment fund vie to the best of their authorisation and ability, in roll to provide consumers with quality Nestl products and brands whenever and wherever.