Life and Talent of Edgar Allan Poe - 906 Words

Edgar Allen Poe was bone in Boston on January 19 1809 to David and Elizabeth Poe. He lost his parents at the age of two years and had to be adopted by John Allan and his wife Frances Valentine Allan. John Allan was a very wealthy man but he only gave Edgar a third of his school requirements and this alienated him from Edgar. When Allan’s wife dies Edgar also decides to move out because he could not put up with John Allan. Edgar loved poetry from a tender age. He even wrote verses to girls that he developed feelings for. He could have had his first poetry book published by the age of 14 years but there was no support both from his teachers and his adoptive parents. In the course of his life Edgar became an alcoholic and mentally disturbed and this enhanced his writing skills. He created his characters trough imagination to show mystery and adventure. It is fair enough to say that Edgar is among the greatest literature writer of the twentieth century. He dealt with several themes in his works. When you go through his works you will come across these topics of death, love and dreams just as examples. Death is a common theme in most of his works. When you talk of horror stories it will be unfair if Edgars name is not mentioned. He mostly uses death to bring out horror as well as bringing feelings of deep sadness and very strange happenings. For example in his work â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† A kingdom is under threat of a deadly disease by the name â€Å"Red Death†. The princeShow MoreRelatedMysteries in the Life of Edgar Allan Poe1277 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe There are many mysteries about the life of Edgar Allan Poe. While many are just legends, our dear poets life has many different tales. There are endless stories, and little truths. While it may be hard finding the stories in the writer’s life, they are not impossible. Edgar Allan Poe’s life was anything but easy. Most of his life was spent heartbroken and alone. He was a man gifted with amazing talent but the world failed to recognize his talents until after his death. Many believeRead MoreThe Life Of Edgar Allan Poe1666 Words   |  7 PagesThe Life of Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Poets are shameless with their experiences: they exploit them.† ― Friedrich Nietzsche The life of Edgar Allan Poe s was short and mysterious - just like the lives of the heroes of his stories. And like his fictional heroes, Poe was passionate about painful, strange, gloomy existence of the human soul. The contradictory and unstable, inclined to extravagant whims and binges, he seemed to haveRead MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Black Cat 1650 Words   |  7 PagesBrittany White Mrs. Bey English 1101 1 April 2015 A Day in the Life Edgar Allan Poe is a very talked about writer. He has a dark, mysterious, gothic writing style. Poe was a troubled man that struggled in a lot of different areas in his life. It is believed that all of Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories were connected to his tragic life events. â€Å"The Black Cat† is one of Edgar’s well-known short stories. It is about a man that endured a series of tragic events. This man was very feminine and his lackRead MoreEssay on A Brief Biography of Edgar Allan Poe617 Words   |  3 Pages Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe was a famous author, poet, editor, and literary critic. Poe wrote Mystery, Horror, and detective fiction. Edgar Allen Poe had a difficult life; he had troubles with family, employment, and depression which ended his life. Edgar was born on January 19th 1809 in Boston Massachusetts. His mother died when he was 2 and his father abandoned him and his siblings as a child. After he was given up for adoption at a young age, soon was adopted by the AllanRead MoreA Party To Die For: â€Å"The Masque Of The Red Death† By Edgar1677 Words   |  7 Pages A Party to Die For: â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† by Edgar Allan Poe No one can escape from the grip of death. This simple fact is the only thing that is truly known about any human life on this planet. We can try to live forever but in the end, everything was done in vain. The is a very common theme throughout the stories of one Edgar Allan Poe who was an American author during the mid-1800’s. His gothic style has appealed the masses even into the 21st century due to his dark settings and suspensefulRead MoreThe Death Of Edgar Allan Poe1490 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay is about Edgar Allan Poe and how is often disturbing stories and poems were a direct reflection of the chaotic and sad filled life. Poe had many people in his life die around him and this was the reason for his fascination and some say obsession with â€Å"death.† Of course, Poe is most famous for writing many stories and mysteries that centered on murder, suicide, and overall macabre themes. Many people throughout time have been astonished by his many writings calli ng them â€Å"stories writtenRead MoreThe Raven By Edgar Allan Poe964 Words   |  4 Pages Essay 1 In the poem â€Å"The Raven†, Edgar Allan Poe expresses a current state of drunkenness, drug use, and depression as existing in a dark and dreary prison like setting, tormented by the memories of a lost love. Poe’s literary career was undoubtedly influenced by the many tragedies he suffered in his life. These misfortunes are evident in the correlation between his characters in his writings and real life events. It is clear that Poe had a problematic life from a young age; he struggled with mentalRead MoreSymbolism and analysis of The Fall of the House of Usher Essay829 Words   |  4 Pages Edgar Allan Poe is undoubtedly one of American Literatures legendary and prolific writers, and it is normal to say that his works touched on many aspects of the human psyche and personality. While he was no psychologist, he wrote about things that could evoke the reasons behind every persons character, whether flawed or not. Some would say his works are of the horror genre, succee ding in frightening his audience into trying to finish reading the book in one sitting, but making them think beyondRead MoreThe Mysterious Life of Edgar Allan Poe1660 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent genres. But, some people like a story that is short and to the point; Edgar Allan Poe is an author who can provide that. Although he had a rough life, Poe worked very hard to become the skillful author that is known today. Some people like horror stories and others like romances. Edgar Allan Poe is a widely accepted poet and author. He is known for his sullen horror stories and all of the tragedies in his life. Two of his most known stories are â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Fall of the HouseRead MoreTragedies Influence Poes Works749 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduced by tragedies early in his life, Edgar Allan Poe became one of the most successful writers, poets, and storytellers to ever live. Edgar Allan Poe had the intelligence to do anything he wanted to do, however, the pain of losing his loved ones always seemed to drive him towards a pen and paper. His emotions never failed to show through his writings, which helped the story line touch the readers. Poe became very close to several different women but each would die shortly after he came to love

Causes and Effects of Work Related Stress - 613 Words

Work related stress Introduction: Work related stress is response to the conflict between work demand and individual’s needs. According to world health organization (WHO; 1986) When people are presented with work demands and pressures that is contrast to their knowledge and skills and challenge their abilities, those work demands and pressures result in the response called work related stress. Work related stress could occur at any level of organization including managers and lower faculty. Causes: Normally work related stress occurs in poor and unsatisfactory working conditions but it become more severe when the supervisors and colleagues do not support their subordinates. Second reason for work related stress is poor work design means if the job is designed in such a way that employer do not have control over the work or they it would lead to the work related stress. Thirdly poor management also create work related stress as If the managers are not able to control the system in efficient way it would create disturbance in the organization leading to work related stress or sometimes when the management system is changed most of the employers are not able to adapt to the change and become the victim of stress. Fourthly the extreme workload leads to the work related stress because in such condition employees do not find proper time for mental relaxation. Fifth reason of work related stress is fear of losing the job. Several other reasons could also create the work relate dShow MoreRelatedWork Related Stress Among Working Women -a Cause Effect Analysis1527 Words   |  7 PagesA STUDY OF WORKPLACE STRESS AMONG WORKING WOMEN- THE CAUSE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS MRS LINA SADEKAR, MRS SHAMI PAI, ASSISTANT PROFESSORS, VVM’S SHREE DAMODAR COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ECONOMICS, MARGAO GOA. INTRODUCTION: The American Institute of Stress estimates that work- related stress costs American businesses about $300 billion every year in lower productivity, higher absenteeism, low turnover rate, alcoholism, and medical costs. Today, chronic work-related stress is not just an American afflictionRead MoreWorkplace Stress Among The Employee951 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Stress among the Employee in Insurance sector: A study 1. Introduction Stress is a part of daily living. It is an adaptive response. Stress occurs at the workplace when there is a mismatch between the expectations of the employee and demand of the employer. Stress basically reduces a person’s ability to perform and think differently which is bad for everyRead MoreEssay on Stress In The Workplace532 Words   |  3 Pagesaffects that stress can have on an employees performance and are offering different programs to help employees manage stress in their lives. This approach is proving to increase workplace performance, as well as improve employee loyalty and retention in the long run. What Causes Stress? Causes and Concerns Stress has been defined as a physiologic reaction to uncomfortable or unaccustomed physical or psychological stimuli. The biological variations that can result from stress of the sympatheticRead More Managing Exam Stress Essays1232 Words   |  5 PagesDefine stress: Stress is the body’s natural response to a threatening situation, and stress causes the release of hormones such as adrenaline, that prepare the body for its instinctual response to a threat: flight, fight or freeze. The adrenaline causes processes in your body to change, for example, your breathing and heart rate quicken, your senses sharpen, muscles tighten and your blood pressure is raised. These changes allow your reaction time to increase, which could mean the difference betweenRead MoreStress and Eustress: Adult Nurse and Mental Health Nursing1535 Words   |  6 Pagespsychologist’s approach stress and define it as a bodily response to demands, physically and emotionally; the behavioural response to events that are threatening and challenging to a person. According to Hans Seyle (1956), he states that stress is ‘the nonspecific response of the body to any demands’. The eustress is also used to describe stress as arousing and exciting. For exampl e a nurse would use stress in order to perform well. It might be true suffering from stress which is unbearable, unpleasantRead MoreManagement and Common Health Issues Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesDepression Depression in the workplace affects productivity as one in 5 employees is affected by depression at any one time leading to higher rates of absenteeism and presenteeism which causes three times less productivity than a healthy employee. Depression can affect employees productivity, judgement, ability to work with others, and overall job performance Strategies or standard approaches to address the issue of Depression in the Workplace Develop a positive environment that supports employeesRead MoreThe And Its Effects On Individuals Physical And Psychological Health1529 Words   |  7 Pagesrather the amount of time that one spends thinking about work or work-related tasks. Some feel guilt during leisure time if they are not completing a task, and others bring their work with them on vacation. Workaholism is an increasing problem that is not being fully addressed because it is viewed as â€Å"productive, however the more time one spends working, the less productive they become, and the more likely they are to have a work related accident. Overworking can have a negative impact on an individual’sRead MoreStress Of Nursing Leadership And Management1549 Words   |  7 PagesStress of Nursing Leadership and Management On a daily basis, everyone experiences stress. Stressful situation without making adjustments can effects your health and well-being. For example, I worked as a charge nurse and mostly as a RN supervisor. This job requires to use managerial skills as well as clinical expertise. The work environment of the skilled nursing facility was mostly short staffed, lack of resources, and overloaded. I, as a charge nurse, was expected to always be available, to beRead MoreOrganizational Stress: Positive or Negative?1656 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿DDBA 8151 – Andrea Manzoni Discussion 1 Module 3 Organizational Stress: Positive or Negative? The increased uncertainty about the future, the global competition, lower living standards, the spreading disorganization and absence of leadership are just some of the causes that concur to generate organizational stress. Lazarus (as cited in Selart Johansen, 2011) defined stress as the physiological and psychological reaction of any individual against external factors called stressors. Several studiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Body s Normal State1402 Words   |  6 PagesStress is the body’s reaction to internal or external stimuli that upset the body’s normal state. A stimulus that causes stress that can physical, mental, or emotional. The term stress is used to refer to both the body’s reaction and the stimuli that caused it. The body’s reaction to highly stressful situations is known as the flight or fight response. Under stressful circumstances, quantities of adrenaline, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that are released into the bloodstream. This stimulates

Displacement and doubt in post

Displacement and doubt in post-colonial literature Essay Whilst ambivalent to her identity, it can be said that Senior manipulated her creole language to have a wider range of people who themselves are as indecisive and culturally dynamic and as well, mark her identity. The manipulation of characters in a literary piece can reflect the writers views as well as their innermost struggles and conflicts. In Hurricane Story 1903 it is noted that Granny is instilled and rooted with her Jamaican culture. Likewise, this relates to Senior herself who tries to hold onto her Caribbean roots whilst remaining in Canada, despite her uncertainty of belonging. Renu Juneja in her discussion about Contemporary Women Writers2, states that as reaction to their prolonged invisibility in Literature, the women writers have offered literary works expressed with a female autobiographical sensibility and reflecting their past experiences. Jean Rhys is another West Indian writer whose life parallels with that of Olive Senior and others in the African diaspora. As a white girl growing up in a predominantly black community in Dominica, Rhys experienced levels of isolations and rejection but she however did migrate to England, only returning once to her homeland. Though critics have described her attitudes towards her home country as ambivalent and uncertain based on her experiences, she faced an inner conflict of self-doubt and nostalgic feelings. In the poem, Meditation on Red, Olive Senior makes references to Rhyss life, characters and themes in her novels such as Wide Sargasso Sea where Senior feels the same sentiments and connects with Rhys and her experiences through the pieces that dealt with the issues of displacement and isolation. Growing up in rural Jamaica enabled Senior to be conscious of her environment that facilitated her to manipulate the Edenic imagery and gardening motif in Gardening in the Tropics. I think one of the things that have also shaped my sensibilities as a writer is the intense beauty of the country in which I grew up in as I have internalized this landscape. Not lost on me as a child was the fact that the beautiful landscape marked a lot of hardship and pain and so on. 3 The landscape and scenery of her homeland symbolized the painful experiences by those Senior considered her people and as well represented her quest to dig into her own insecurities and uncertainties regarding her identity and place in society. It can be argued that the nostalgic reminiscence is presented in Meditation on Yellow where Senior writes I want to feel mellow, in that three oclock yellow where she muses on the suns glow at that time of the afternoon in such a tropical setting. This greatly contrasts to her environment now in Canada which varies drastically. It can be argued that Senior, though feeling displaced in her homeland and society on a whole, still admires and yearns for her country as this is seen in the gardening motif throughout Gardening in the Tropics. Bruce King in his introduction of the book, West Indian Literature, states that West Indian Literature is more about coming to terms with exile, rapid change and the desire to belong in a region of the world Many female West Indian writers of the African diaspora are subject to this exact sentiment and thus release their frustration and uncertainty through their work. Olive Senior and others effectively utilize their creative literary techniques to often display their feelings of displacement and ambivalence throughout their work. This is in fact often done, not as means of wanting to but instead fulfilling a need to provide a voice to others who may feel such ambivalence, likewise as Jean Rhys connected to Olive Senior. .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1 , .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1 .postImageUrl , .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1 , .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1:hover , .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1:visited , .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1:active { border:0!important; } .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1:active , .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1 .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5274feeb33ba661e45214c9ef9dc1cb1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 EssayWord Count: 1,211 words.References Books Chamberlin, Edward (1993). Come Back to Me, My Language. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Dawes, Kwame (2001). Talk yuh talk: Interwiews with Anglophone Caribbean poets. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. Gilbert, Helen ; Joanna Tompkins (1996). Post-Colonial Drama: Theory, Practice, Politics. London: Routledge. King, Bruce Alvin (1995). West Indian Literature. London: Macmillan Publishers. Morris, Merlvyn (2005). Making West Indian Literature. Kingston 6, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers. Nasta, Sushiela (1992). Motherlands: Black womens writing from Africa the Caribbean and South Asian. New Brunswick, Canada: Rutgers University Press. Scott, Helen C. (2006). Caribbean Women Writers and Globalization. London: Ashgate Pub Co. Websites Prose Quotes. Retrieved January 3, 2012, from http://thinkexist. com/quotes/with/keyword/prose Dawes Kwame, Kwame Dawes: The Use of Poetry (January 10, 2011), Retrieved January 2, 2012, from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=-FTJ7imc2ag;feature=related Ramon Paredes, Aristotles Definition of Tragedy. Retrieved January 2, 2012 from http://www. paredes. us/tragedy. html 1 Sushiela Nasta Motherlands: Black womens writing from Africa the Caribbean and South Asian 2 Chapter 8, Contemporary Women Writers, West Indian Literature 3 Quote from Olive Senior in an interview with Kwame Dawes in, Talk Yuh Talk .

Influencing the Subordinates or the Team Members Is the Major

Question: Discuss about Influencing the or the Team Members? Answer: Introduction Influencing the subordinates or the team members is the major role that is played by leaders (Coleman MacNicol 2015). A leader should instill a positive influence on the followers in order to help them to achieve set targets within the team or the organization. In normal circumstance, followers are not able to achieve some things, and therefore, the one in the leadership position play a vital role in the motivating the subordinates to help them reach their full potential. Leaders can adopt different styles of leadership, for example, some of the widely used styles of leadership include democracy leadership, autocracy leadership, transformational, leadership, laissez-fair leadership, and bureaucracy leadership. Despite the many leadership styles that are at the disposal of leaders, the transformational style of leadership has been identified as the most effective style of organizational leadership. This is because of the ability of a leader to motivate and inspire the followers to ac hieve the targets of the team involved (Northouse, 2010). There are various leadership theories and models that are used in the leadership situation; however, the theory and the style of leadership used is selected on the basis of the context and prevailing circumstances. Power and influence are vital elements of leadership because they determine the success of the individual in the leadership position. This essay will carry out a reflection on the results of my source of power and influence as a leader from various leadership assessment tools. It is also going to carry out a literature review on power and influence in leadership and conclude with an action plan to enhance my areas of weakness that I need to develop as a leader. Self-reflection Comparison of tool results with my leadership practice Based on the result of Authentic Leadership Self-Assessment questionnaire, I have very high internalized moral perspective and low self-awareness, relation transparency, and balanced processing. As a leader, I can regulate myself based on the values that I hold. My core values form the basis of my actions as a leader, and I am not easily influenced by pressure from other parties (Goodpasture, 2010). My high internalized moral perspective was evident in one of my recent leadership practice where I was working as an intern with one medium sized beauty products manufacturing firm. I was the leader of a team that was given a task to promote the products of the firm among the target audience. At some points, there was pressure to bribe some retailers to stock our products; however, I refused such practices despite suggestions by team members to do the same. I let the team members know my stand as a leader with integrity. However, my low self-awareness and poor relational transparency emer ged during that particular leadership as sometimes I failed to understand what motivates my decision-making process. The results of emotional intelligence questionnaire reveal that I am talented in managing and influencing my team members' emotions as a leader. The EI questionnaire shows that I have the ability to think in a clear manner and make responsible decisions even when I am under powerful emotion (Northouse, 2016). This was demonstrated I the same leadership task that when my team was promoting the beauty products. Product promotion is not an easy task, especially when dealing with the products of a little known firm. There were points when we were running below our daily targets because retail outlets were rejecting our products, and so the team members were tensed and worked up. Amidst these high emotions, I could still think clearly, make appropriate decisions, formulate and implement new and effective strategies that positively influenced the emotions of my team members to complete the task at hand. My high level of emotional intelligence has also been instrumental in my successful lea dership. According to (), the ability to motivate team members is vital for successful leadership. The EI questionnaire reveals that I have the ability to motivate myself and other as well. The impact of my ability to motivate others is clearly evident in my second leadership task as captain of the swimming pool of my university. Sporting activity is a challenging task, and its success depends on hard work and motivation (Yudhvir Sunita, 2012). As the leader of my college swimming team, I am acquainted with the various challenges that face a sports team, especially during competitions. After finishing third in the qualifiers of the annual swimming competition among campuses, my team was demoralized towards the final. However, as the leader, I successfully managed to mobilize and motivate them before the final, and this led to my team winning the competition. According to the big five locator questionnaire, I am a very open, highly agreeable, and sociable leader. These skills have been instrumental in the success of my leadership activities. As an open leader I am interested in new ideas; however, the results of the questionnaire also show that I am less adjustable as a leader. These contrasting characters have had conflicting impacts in my success as a leader (Houghton Yoho, 2005). This is because I receive new ideas, but I am unable to make new adjustments to incorporate the new ideas into practice. For instance, while promoting the beauty products, I would receive suggestions from my team members on to run a successful product promotion campaign. For example, delegation of duties and responsibilities and designing of clear goals and objectives; however, adjusting to the circumstances and incorporating the new ideas was a major challenge to me as the team leader. The leadership trait and leadership behavior questionnaire shows that I possess some important leadership traits and behaviors. As a leader, I am persistent, sociable, and cooperative. I am also a team player and consults widely before making decisions (Whitehead, Weiss, Tappen, 2010). These skills are important for successful leadership, and they helped me when I led the beauty product promotion team. These skills helped to relate well with potential clients and my team members as well. For leadership to be successful in the marketing sector, effective communication process is required from the side of the leader. It is required that the leader should formulate the guidelines, rules and regulations to be implemented by the followers. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the one in the leadership position to ensure that effective and reliable communication channels are implemented for effective and successful communication activities (Mumford et al., 2000). To realize this objectiv e, the leader should strive at winning the building trust of his subordinates so as to foster effective collaboration and teamwork among all members within the organizational setting to bring the desired results. The big five personality test reveal that I am extrovert and so I work well with others people within and outside of the teams that I am involved in. This trait is important because it encourages teamwork which is instrumental for successful leadership of a team (Hackman Ruth, 2007). As a leader, I am also very honest and open with people, and these enable me to win the trust of my subordinates, another vital factor in successful leadership. Despite this, the five-factor test reveal that I score very low in openness to experience. I do not pursue new experience or intellectual development; however, in the fast changing work environment, I should focus on pursuing experiences to enhance my knowledge and skills for better performance as a leader. Two areas or competencies for improvement that will enhance my power and influence The first area that I need to improve is my authentic leadership, particularly my self-awareness skills as a leader. The second competency that I need to improve is my emotional intelligence, particularly the social skills of leadership. Literature review According to Pandya (2014), power and influence are major components of successful organizational or team leadership. Power refers to the ability to bring about change and cause an influencing effect on the team members within the organization (Turner Mller, 2010). Similarly, influence refers ability to change the personal attitudes and beliefs of the team members to enable them to perform to meet the goals and objectives of the team. According to French and Raven's Five Forms of Power, there are several sources of power and influence as discussed below. Firstly, there is coercive power, which is oriented on the fear factor. Leaders who operate on coercive power influence people through intimidating communications, for example, failure to adhere to the rules and regulations result in punishment (Bacon, 2011). The second source of influence is the legitimate power that is derived from an individuals position or title as the one in leadership (Bacon, 2011). Those in a high leadership position can influence their followers because of the subordinates that the individual in the leadership position possesses the leadership right by virtue (Chiocchio, Kelloway, Hobbs, 2015). The third source of influence is the expert power. According to Kotler (1985), expert power is derived from the talent, skills, and knowledge that is held by the individual in leadership, for example, a neurosurgeon possesses expert power over aspiring neurosurgeons. Reward power is another source of influence that the one in leadership position holds (Bacon, 2011). T his is where the one in leadership wins the support of the subordinates by rewarding them for their achievements. Finally, is the referent power which is derived from the personal traits of the one in the leadership position (Winkler, 2010). These include traits such as charisma, charm, and creativity that makes the one in the leadership position to have an influence on the subordinates. Theories of power and influence in leadership Personal trait theory Various research studies have been carried on leadership within the society and in the workplace. According to Vroom (2003), the majority of these studies have focused on the examination of character traits that are present on the individual in leadership position. The focus on the leaders characters is commonly known as the personality trait theory of leadership. Researchers who focus on this approach argue that exceptional leaders are born with particular traits and characteristics that enable them to win the trust and influence their followers (Derue, Nahrgang, Welman, Humphrey, 2011). The identified exceptional leadership traits that are possessed by leaders include physical, emotional and cognitive personal characteristics. According to Riaz and Haider (2010), it is these features enables the leaders to successfully express their stand to the subordinates and this helps steers them to successful leadership positions. As a result, their followers provide them with full support be cause they are able to convince them. According to Peretomode (2012), there are several other qualities that every successful leader should possess based on the personal trait theory. It is the exceptional qualities that enable them to remain different from their followers. This point of argument has been contested by some researchers who argue that there is no difference between leaders and their followers. This is because there are some individuals who have the same characteristic that are described by personality trait theory; however, they do not make good leaders at all (Bouhali, et al., 2015). Behavioral theory This refers to leadership from the perspective of ability and skills, and it is much concerned with what leaders are able to do as well as their behaviors towards the group that they lead. The approach which is taken by skills is different from the approach taken by traits because skills can be acquired through learning, while on the other hand, traits cannot be learnt because they are inborn (Bell, 2013). Researchers in this field began to analyze the styles of leadership and the behavioral characteristics of the leaders themselves in order to understand the actions while at the helm of leadership. Under the behavioral approach of leadership, the various types and patterns of behaviors as follows. a) The concern for task is a pattern of leadership under this approach, whereby, the leaders are put an emphasis on achieving the goals and objectives of the people they lead. In this pattern, leaders look for options of maximizing the productivity of the population they lead, therefore, they have to find effective ways of organizing these people and lead them into courses of action that will help in achieving their goals and objectives. b) Concern for people is another pattern of leadership under this approach, and here the leaders are required to view their followers as human beings who have their own personal needs, developments, problems and interests. Therefore, they should be allowed to meet their needs as opposed to simply using them as a means of production (Latham, 2013). c) Direct leadership is another pattern under this approach, and it is a kind of leadership where leaders engage in processes of making major decisions on behalf of their subjects. They make these decisions with the expectations that their subordinates will follow. d) Finally is the participative pattern of leadership. This pattern involves consensus and leaders make decision by involving their subordinates. This pattern is very appropriate in terms of executing leadership duties to meet the interest of the followers. The literature review section above reveals some of the important aspects that I need to focus on for self-development as reveled by the reflection and self-analysis section in the first part of this assignment. The first area that I need to improve is my authentic leadership, particularly my self-awareness skills as a leader while the second competency that I need to improve is my emotional intelligence, particularly the social skills of leadership. In line with these aspects, I need to focus on developing my personal traits as a leader in order to gain more influence over my subordinates. As discussed in the behavioral theory, I need to focus more on the needs of my subordinates to enhance the influence of my followers as a leader (McClesky, 2014). This is because the followers will be more willing to comply to my leadership, hence, increased productivity. As discussed in the literature review, traits theory focuses on the leaders talent, skills, and knowledge. Therefore, I believe that focusing more on my individual self-awareness will also be instrumental in enabling me to make effective decision because I will be in a position to understand what motivates my decision making activities. Conclusion and action plan for development In summary, a leader plays a major role in motivating the subordinates to achieve the set goals and objectives. Power and influence play a major role in how the one in the leadership position influences his followers. According to French and Raven's Five Forms of Power, there are several sources of power and influence, for example, coercive, legitimate, referent, and reward power. Several researchers have carried out studies on the important aspects of leadership, and this has led to the emergence of various leadership theories and models. These include theories such as behavioral and personal trait theories of leadership. These theories stress on the importance of personal skills and characters of the leader, for example, critical thinking, effective decision making, and teamwork. As a leader, I possess effective leadership skills such as effective communication, critical thinking, teamwork and decision making. These personal traits have been instrumental in my success as a leader. However, based on the various leadership assessment tools, my major weakness as a leader are the lack of self-awareness and emotional intelligence. Action plan for self-development The various tools that were utilized to assess my leadership abilities above revealed both my strengths and weaknesses as a leader. Some of my major strengths as a leader include teamwork, effective communication and critical thinking skills that enable me to mobilize and influence my subordinates positively. However, the assessment tools also revealed two major areas of weakness that requires development as highlighted below: The first area that I need to improve is my authentic leadership, particularly my self-awareness skills as a leader. The second competency that I need to improve is my emotional intelligence, particularly the social skills of leadership. 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